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2017 has been an exciting year for our innovative open access journal Frontiers in Earth Science: many new articles have been published and are now indexed in Web of Science (ESCI), new sections have opened for submissions (including Solid Earth Geophysics), and our Editorial Board has been successfully leading the peer review process and providing comprehensive reviews to our authors. Have a look at our archive to read about the feeding habits of dinosaurs, human influence on in the African humid period, volcanic hazard models, or how glaciers flowing into the ocean surrounding Greenland have changed over time! Launched at the end of 2013, our Journal consists of several specialties whose number has increased with time and currently stands at 19, also including a few specialties co-listed in other fields (https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/earth-science#). The present selection is not exhaustive as new ones are being launched and/or are under consideration for development. This growth has been paralleled by a yearly increase in the number of contributions and the Editorial Board members, reflecting the health of the Journal. Now also indexed in Web of Science - Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Frontiers in Earth Science is ambitious to become the leading open access journal in its field. The idea of creating an Editor's Choice eBook has been in our minds for a while as we wanted to create an environment for the Chief Editors to highlight their choice of representative papers in the Journal - we are happy to present now our first edition. The eBook offers a quick, though representative, window into the different specialties, giving additional visibility to some of the most interesting studies published in 2016 and 2017. It provides a glimpse into the state of the art of Earth Science on the cusp of 2020. Earth Science studies the different spheres of the Earth (geosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and, partly, biosphere) and, as such, it provides a holistic perspective of our planet. This discipline, in addition to understanding our environment, enables us to face major natural challenges, such as improving the management of natural resources, promoting environmental sustainability and forecasting and managing natural hazards (Acocella, 2015, and references therein). On this basis, the contributions grouped in this eBook, even though appearing distinct in subject, methods, goal and impact, should be considered as different aspects of the same system. Indeed, the selection of these contributions aims to capture a multidisciplinary and common understanding of our planet, with its interconnected processes and challenges. It is important to note that, in many cases, it has not been easy to select a representative study per specialty, and thus the papers included in this eBook should therefore not be considered as the representative ones, but rather as a concise selection of key papers. We hope you enjoy reading our first edition of the Editor's Choice eBook! Jessica (Journal Manager), and Valerio (Field Chief Editor)
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Forecasting volcanic eruptions and their potential impacts are primary goals in Natural Hazards research. Active volcanoes are nowadays monitored by different ground and space-based instruments providing a wealth of seismic, geodetic, and chemical data for academic volcanologists and monitoring agencies. We have better insights into volcanic systems thanks to steady improvements in research tools and data processing techniques. The integration of these data into physics-based models allows us for example to constrain magma migration at depth and to derive the pressure evolution inside volcanic conduits and reservoirs, which ultimately help monitor evolving volcanic hazard. Yet, it remains challenging to answer the most crucial questions when the threat of an eruption looms over us: When will it occur? What will be its style? Will it switch during its course? How long will the eruption last? And most importantly: will we have enough time to alert and evacuate population? Addressing these questions is crucial to reduce the social and economic impact of volcanic eruptions, both at the local and global scales. For example, the 2014 eruption at Ontake (Japan) had only limited spatial impact but killed dozens of hikers; in contrast, the 2010 Eyjafjallajökull eruption (Iceland) did not cause any human loss but paralyzed the European air space for weeks. Several limitations arise when approaching these questions. For example, short-term eruption forecasts and models that relate changes in monitoring parameters to the probability, timing, and nature of future activity are particularly uncertain. More reliable and useful quantitative forecasting requires the development of optimized and integrated monitoring networks, standardized approaches and nomenclature, and a new range of statistical methods and models that better capture the complexity of volcanic processes and system dynamics.
volcanology --- monitoring --- forecasting --- earth science --- volcano
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Deep Crustal Seismic Reflection Profiling: Australia 1978–2015 presents the full suite of reflection profiles penetrating the whole crust carried in Australia by Geoscience Australia and various partners. The set of reflection data comprises over 16,000 km of coverage across the whole continent, and provides an insight into the variations in crustal architecture in the varied geological domains. Each reflection profile is presented at approximately true scale with up to 220 km of profile per page and overlap between pages. Each reflection section is accompanied by a geological strip map showing the configuration of the line superimposed on 1:1M geology. The compilation includes a suite of large-scale reflection transects groups of 1,000 km or more that link across major geological provinces, and an extensive bibliography of reports and relevant publications.
Australia --- Earth sciences --- australia --- reflection profiles --- earth science --- geology
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Large regions of the planet have been transformed from their natural composition into different human-made landscapes (farmlands, forest plantations, pastures, etc.). Such process, called land use change, is one of the major components of the current global change, which has brought the planet into a new geological era: the Anthropocene. Land use change is particularly important in tropical forests, as this ecosystem type is still heavily affected by deforestation for timber extraction, agricultural land creation of urban expansion. Changing land use has important implications for the services that tropical forests provide: production of goods such as timber, food or water; regulation of process such as nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, local weather or climate extremes; generating the framework for economic and cultural activity, etc. Therefore, keeping ecosystem services when changing the use of the tropical lands is a major challenge in tropical regions. This brief book, by showcasing different research work done in tropical countries, provides a first introduction on this topic, discussing issues such as biodiversity loss, changes in local weather or nutrient cycling patterns, and economic activities around tropical forests, and tools to detect and quantify the importance of land use change.
Biotechnology --- Environmental aspects. --- Life Sciences --- Earth Science --- Climatology --- Environmental Sciences
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For the incisive tests of hydrological theory, manipulation experiments can create particular conditions, plan and define boundaries and inner structures, isolate individual mechanisms, and push systems beyond the range in a PhD timescale. The goals of this book are to stimulate the approach of manipulation in promoting watershed hydrological experimentation and to try to demonstrate that the controlled and artificial experiments are the promising way of useful and effective generation of tests of new theories. This book is organized on the basis of nine different manipulation types from six countries including field lysimeter, field runoff plot, field manipulated experimental basin, field artificial catchment, laboratory river segment, laboratory pedon (rock), laboratory lysimeter, laboratory hillslope, and phytotron artificial catchment.
Physical geography. --- Geography --- Life Sciences --- Earth Science --- Hydrology --- Environmental Sciences
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The field of hydrometeorology bridges across both meteorology and hydrology. In this book, multiple experts present their work on various topics that fall under the purview of hydrometeorology. The chapters will provide readers with some of the latest developments and applications across different regions of the world and will motivate the audience to investigate other areas in hydrometeorology.
Hydrometeorology. --- Hydrology --- Meteorology --- Life Sciences --- Earth Science --- Environmental Sciences
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This book is devoted to different aspects of tectonic researches. New results and interpretations are presented here for diverse tectonic settings. Most of the chapters include up-to-date materials of detailed geological investigations, often combined with geophysical data, which can help understand more clearly the essence of mechanisms of different tectonic processes. Some chapters are devoted to the tectonic evolution of regions (East Antarctica, East Kazakhstan, Mongolo-Okhotsk orogenic belt), and others have dealt with the different aspects of tectonic events: influence of detachment structural deformation on pore structure evolution in shales, evolution of drainage in response to brittle-ductile dynamics and surface processes, soft sediment deformation structures triggered by the modern earthquakes, and post-opening deformation history of the Japan Sea back-arc basin.
Geology, Structural. --- Geotectonics --- Structural geology --- Tectonics (Geology) --- Physical geology --- Life Sciences --- Earth Science --- Geology --- Environmental Sciences
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The rock matrix and the fluids contained therein define the aquifer as a whole, the custodian of continuity of life on this planet Earth. Its sustainable development, equitable utilization, quality maintenance, and balanced discharge and recharge are the essential elements to ensure that the next generation receives the resource baton passed on by the current generation. Spanning across the political and regional frontiers, transboundary aquifers have the potential to provide a uniting platform to the participatory nations. The common good of water can be enhanced by synergized research, data and knowledge sharing, joint development ventures, and hazard mitigation. Covering the multifarious facets of aquifers, this book will form an essential and interesting reading for all stakeholders?researchers, engineers, academia, intelligentsia, and the common consumer.
Aquifers. --- Aquafers --- Water-bearing formations --- Hydrogeology --- Aquitards --- Life Sciences --- Earth Science --- Hydrology --- Environmental Sciences
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The coastal environment is deteriorating at an alarming rate and is currently a great societal concern. This book provides a selected collection of papers on coastal environmental change, coastal disasters, and coastal infrastructure due to global warming, with a focus on the coasts of the rapidly developing country China. What makes the book distinctly different from others is its diversity, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of coastal problems. With contributions from over 30 authors, the book is a comprehensive account of diverse topics, such as coastal upwelling, estuarine processes, coastal pollution, sea level rise, meteorological and atmospheric problems, urbanization and the heat island effect, and coastal infrastructure, to name just a few, from theoretical study and phenomenological description, to methodological development. This book is expected to serve as a relatively comprehensive reference for coastal researchers, graduate students, as well as policymakers and coastal resource managers.
Oceanography. --- Oceanology --- Thalassography --- Earth sciences --- Marine sciences --- Life Sciences --- Earth Science --- Oceanography --- Environmental Sciences
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The Socio-Economic Atlas of Myanmar focuses on the analysis and evaluation of regional differences in geographical conditions, natural resources, infrastructure and, in particular, the socio-economic development in the states and regions of the country in the current transformation process of Myanmar. The Atlas is based on international literature, statistical data, qualitative research and spatial information in a Geographic Information System on Myanmar. The spatial analyses aim to increase the state of knowledge about Myanmar both within the country and abroad, and to support decision-making on spatial development policy.
Myanmar (Burma) --- Earth Science --- Development --- Economic development --- Environment --- Infrastructure --- Myanmar --- Geography --- Social development --- Transformation
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